Olympic Games

Olympic Games	بازی ها المپیک
Archery	تیراندازی با کمان
Athletics	دو و ميدانى
Badminton	بدمينتن
Basketball	بسكتبال‌
Beach Volleyball     ‌	بسكتبال ساحلی
Boxing	بوکس
Cycling	دوچرخه سواری
Diving	شیرجه
Equestrian	اسب سوارى
Fencing	شمشیربازی
Football	فوتبال
Gymnastics – Rhythmic	ژیمناستیک موزون
Handball	هندبال
Hockey	هاکی
Judo	جودو
Modern Pentathlon	پنجگانه مدرن
Rowing	قایقرانی
Sailing	قایقرانی با قایق بادبانی
Shooting	تیراندازی با تفنگ
Swimming	شنا
SynchronizedSwimming	شنای موزون
Table Tennis	تنیس روی میز
Taekwondo	تکواندو
Tennis	تنيس‌
Triathlon	سه گانه
Volleyball	واليبال‌
Water Polo	واترپولو
Weightlifting	وزنه‌برداری
Wrestling	کشتی Archery Badminton Basketball Beach Volleyball Boxing Cycling Diving Equestrian Fencing Football Gymnastics – Rhythmic Handball Hockey Judo Rowing Sailing Shooting Swimming Synchronized Swimming Table Tennis Taekwondo Tennis Triathlon Volleyball Water Polo Weightlifting Wrestling Athletics  modern pentathlon

‹Buffalo Bill› Cody, 1846-1917: He Represented the Spirit and Tradition of the American West

How do you like theater, show, movies, and novels? 

This lesson is about a man called “Buffalo Bill” who created shows that people around the world enjoyed for more than thirty years.

MP3

PDF

Word

1. before you read, discuss the following

a) Do you prefer to read the novel first or to watch movie base on the novel?

b) Which of the following do you like more?

-Movies

-Theater

-Novel

c) Do you think differently about the novel you read and the movie base on the novel you watched?

Glossary 1

Incidents= اتفاق، رویداد

Factual = واقعی، حقیقی

Territory = سرزمین، مناطق

Scout = مامور اکتشاف

Warrior = جنگجو، مبارز

Buffalo = گاو وحشی

Hunter = شکارچی

Tribe = قبیله

Defeat = شکست دادن، مغلوب ساختن

Treatment = رفتار

Investment = سرمایه گذاری

Financial = مالی

‹Buffalo Bill› Cody, 1846-1917: He Represented the Spirit and Tradition of the American West

GWEN OUTEN: I’m Gwen Outen.

DOUG JOHNSON: And I’m Doug Johnson with PEOPLE IN AMERICA in VOA Special English. Today, we tell the story of a man called “Buffalo Bill.” His real name was William F. Cody. He created “Wild West” shows that people around the world enjoyed for more than thirty years.

(MUSIC)

GWEN OUTEN: William Frederick Cody was born in eighteen-forty-six in the state of Iowa. He died in Colorado in nineteen-seventeen. Researchers disagree about other incidents in his life. That is because some stories about “Buffalo Bill” are a combination of factual events and make-believe. However, there is general agreement about the influence of “Buffalo Bill” Cody. People say he represented the spirit and tradition of the American West.

DOUG JOHNSON: William F. Cody grew up in the center of the United States. William’s family moved from Iowa to the territoryof Kansas when he was still a child. His father died in eighteen-fifty-seven. A short time later, William started working at different jobs to help his family. He worked as a driver for a team of oxen. He guided the powerful animals as they moved goods from place to place. He also carried messages for a local company.

Later, William joined a group of men seeking gold in the mountains of Colorado. They were not very successful. Then he got a job as a Pony Expressrider. The Pony Express used teams of men and horses to transport mail across the country. William was a skilled rider. Once he rode five-hundred-fifteen kilometers in a single trip. This was one of the longest rides for the Pony Express. At the time, he was just fifteen years old.

(MUSIC)

GWEN OUTEN: Kansas became a state in eighteen-sixty-one. A few weeks later, the Civil War between the states started. Southern states fought to protect the rights of individual states. Northern states fought to keep the country united. During the war, Kansas joined with the North and provided men for the Union army.

William was too young to fight when the Civil War started. At first, he served the Union forces as a scout, or explorer.

In eighteen-sixty-four, he joined the United States Army. Cody became a member of the Seventh Kansas Cavalry. His force was sent to nearby southern states during the Civil War. Cody drove a team of horses.  He remained there until the war ended.

DOUG JOHNSON: After the war, William Cody married Louisa Frederici in Saint Louis, Missouri. They were married for more than fifty years and had four children. When they were first married, Cody had many different jobs. For example, he operated a hotel in Kansas. Then he began hunting buffalo for work crews building the Kansas Pacific Railroad. The workers used the wild animals for meat.

Cody got the name “Buffalo Bill” by winning a buffalo hunting competition. Reports say he shot and killed more than four-thousand buffalo in just eighteen months.

(MUSIC)

GWEN OUTEN: Cody re-joined the Army in eighteen-sixty-eight. He served as a civilian scout for military forces fighting Indians in the West. His experience and skills made him an able fighter and guide for the Army.

Cody helped the Fifth Cavalry defeat a group of Cheyenne warriors. He also served as a guide for individuals who wanted to hunt buffalo. Some hunters came from big cities in the eastern United States and from other countries. Once he guided a member of Russia’s ruling family, the Grand Duke Alexis, on a hunting trip. American newspapers reported on their activities.

DOUG JOHNSON: Cody’s exciting life provided the details for many stories. A number of writers began producing stories about famous people of the western United States. These stories became known as dime novels. Dime novels helped make heroes of people like Davy Crockett and Kit Carson.

A writer named Ned Buntline decided to write a book about Buffalo Bill. Buntline’s book and newspaper reports helped make Cody famous. The book became popular and was later made into a play called “Scouts of the Prairie.” Buffalo Bill even appeared in the show. Critics said Cody was a bad actor, but the show was very successful.

The play led Cody to form his own traveling show. The group included another hero of the American West, Wild Bill Hickok.

GWEN OUTEN: During this period, Cody often returned to the West to find other work. He assisted the Army in its operations against Indian tribes. In eighteen-seventy-six, Indian warriors defeated General George Custer and his forces in the Battle of Little Big Horn in Montana.

A few weeks later, Cody and other soldiers clashed with a group of Cheyenne Indians. During the fighting, Cody reportedly killed a Cheyenne warrior named Yellow Hair. This event added yet another incident to Buffalo Bill’s collection of stories.

Cody liked the idea of being a showman and telling people about the American West. In eighteen-seventy-nine, he wrote his own life story and began publishing his own dime novels.  He also continued to produce plays.

(MUSIC)

DOUG JOHNSON: Cody organized his first Wild West show in eighteen-eighty-two in the state of Nebraska. The show was performed outside. It was designed to entertain and educate crowds of people. There were cowboys, Indians, buffalo and other kinds of animals. People were not sure exactly what the show was, but they liked it.

The following year, Cody and his business partners formed a traveling show called “Buffalo Bill’s Wild West.”  It brought cowboys and Indians to people in parts of the United States who might never have seen them. The show was a major success for the next thirty years.  People liked it for many reasons. One was a desire to return to earlier, simpler times. The American West of the dime novels was fast disappearing. The area was starting to develop.

GWEN OUTEN: “Buffalo Bill’s Wild West” show included cowboys hunting buffalo.  It had riders for the Pony Express. It re-created an Indian attack on a carriage transporting goods. The show also re-created the attack against General Custer and his forces. It included Indians who were involved in the real attack. It also included the famous Sioux chief Sitting Bull, who had killed General Custer. Sitting Bull traveled with Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show for several months.

In later years, a cowgirl named Annie Oakley performed with the show. She was one of the best gun shooters in the country. Annie Oakley could ride a horse standing up while shooting at a target. She could shoot a piece of money out of someone’s hand. Once, she became famous for shooting a cigarette held in the mouth of German Crown Prince Wilhelm.

“Buffalo Bill’s Wild West” performed in cities and towns across the United States and in Europe. In eighteen-eighty-seven, the show performed in England in honor of Queen Victoria’s fiftieth anniversary in power. Six years later, the show was popular at the World’s Fair in Chicago, Illinois.

DOUG JOHNSON: Buffalo Bill Cody was said to be the most famous American in the world by the beginning of the twentieth century. American presidents met with him to discuss issues important to the West. He had many modern ideas. For example, he supported fair treatment for American Indians. And he supported equal pay and equal voting rights for women. He was also a businessman who looked toward the future. He invested in projects that he hoped would bring economic growth to the West. 
                                       
Cody made a lot of money from his show business success. However, he lost his wealth because of bad investments and failure to watch how the money was used.

In nineteen-oh-eight, “Buffalo Bill’s Wild West” combined with another traveling show. But this show failed. A short time later, Cody got a loan from a Colorado company to keep his show operating. But his financial situation got worse over the next few years.

GWEN OUTEN: Buffalo Bill Cody died in nineteen-seventeen while visiting his sister in Denver, Colorado. He was buried near the city, at the top of Lookout Mountain. His funeral was a major event. Twenty-thousand people traveled there to attend the ceremony.

Today, thousands of people visit Lookout Mountain every year. They see Cody’s burial place and a museum built in his honor. And, they hear stories about people who experienced the excitement of Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show.

(MUSIC)

DOUG JOHNSON: This program was written by George Grow. Lawan Davis was our producer. I’m Doug Johnson.

GWEN OUTEN: And I’m Gwen Outen. Join us again next week for PEOPLE IN AMERICA in VOA Special English.

2. Who …

was born in eighteen-forty-six in the state of Iowa.    ——————————–.

fought to keep the country united. ————————————-.

decided to write a book about Buffalo Bill. ———————————-.

became famous for shooting a cigarette held in the mouth of German Crown Prince Wilhelm.—————————.

met with Buffalo Bill Cody to discuss issues important to the West. ———————-

You are a reporter, make a two paragraphs report about the life of Buffalo Bill Cody base on the lesson above.

Wild West غرب وحشی

Untamed West, desert area in the United States that was settled by immigrants from the East Coast

Iowa ایالت < ایووا > در ايالت‌ متحده‌ امريكا

State in the central United States

Colorado ایالت < کلورادو > در ايالت‌ متحده‌ امريكا

State in the western United States

Kansas ایالت < کنساس > در ايالت‌ متحده‌ امريكا

State in the central United States

Pony express پست‌ سريع‌ السير قديم‌

Postal system using horseback riders and trains to deliver the mail from the midwestern United States to the west Coast in the mid 1800’s

Civil war جنگ داخلی 

War between different factions of the same nation

Saint Louis شهر < سینت لویس > در ايالت‌ میسوری

City in the state of Missouri (USA)

Missouri ایالت < میسوری > در ايالت‌ متحده‌ امريكا

State in the central United States;

Indian سرخپوستان

Member of any of the aboriginal peoples inhabiting North and South America or the West Indies, Native American, American Indian, Amerindian

Cheyenne شاین

North American Indian tribe; language of the Cheyenne tribe

Russia روسیه

Large country located in Europe and Asia

Grand duke دوك‌ بزرگ‌ (يك‌ درجه‌ پايين‌ تر از پادشاه‌)

Nobleman or prince who rules a territory;

Montana ایالت < مانتانا > در ايالت‌ متحده‌ امريكا

State in the northwest United States

Nebraska ایالت < نبراسکا> در ايالت‌ متحده‌ امريكا

State in the Midwestern United States

Sitting Bull سیتنگ بوول

(1834-1980) Sioux Indian chief and leader in the fight against General Custer and his troops in the Battle of Little Bighorn (U.S. History)

Queen Victoria ملکه ویکتوریا

(1819-1901) Queen of Great Britain during the end of the 19th century

World fair نمایشگاه بزرگ جهانی

General term for several large expositions that took place since the middle of the 19th century

Chicago شهر < شیکاگو > در ايالت‌ ايلي‌ نويز

Largest city in the state of Illinois (USA)

Illinois شهر <ايلي‌ نويز> در ايالت‌ متحده‌ امريكا

State in the central United States

Denver پایتخت کولارادو

Capital of Colorado (USA)

American History: World War II on the Home Front

How are you helpful to the government?

In the Second World War, US declare war on Japan. Most of US citizen helped the government to get ready for the war.

MP3

PDF

Word

1. Before you read discuss the following.

How do you help your government on a surprise attack?

Do you join the army or help the army get strong?

2. Glossary 1

Surprise attack حمله غافلگيرانه   

Political leaders’   رهبران سیاسی  

Sooner or later بالاخره  

Urge با اصرار وادار كردن ‌

Resist               مخالفت کردن با  

Cooperate تشریک مساعی کردن 

Warplanes طیاره جنگی  

Anti-aircraft guns سلاح (دفاع) ضد هوایی 

Raid حمله 

Inflation تورم 

Restrict محدود کردن 

Conscientious با وجدان 

Discrimination تبعیض

Speak out آزادانه حرف زدن، در حضور عموم حرف زدن 

Negros سیاه پوستان 

Under the sunدر جهان 

Civil rights حقوق مدنی، حقوق اجتماعی 

Underway در جریان بودن 

Threatened تهدید کردن

Discriminate تبعض قائل شدن 

Home front عملیات غیر نظامیان و شخصی ها در زمان جنگ

Negotiate گفتگو کردن، مذاکره کردن 

American History: World War II on the Home Front

STEVE EMBER: Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION – American history in VOA Special English. I’m Steve Ember

(MUSIC)

The United States entered the Second World War in December of forty-one. Europe had already been at warsince nineteen thirty-nine. But the United States did not enter World War Two until Japanese forces attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

(SOUND)

The attack was a surprise. But American military and political leaders had believed that the United States, sooner or later, would be pulled into the fighting. And they began to prepare for war.

(MUSIC)

President Franklin Roosevelt had been assistant secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson during World War One. He remembered how American troops were not ready for that war. Now that he was president, Roosevelt wanted to be sure that the United States would be ready when it had to fight. Throughout nineteen forty-one, Roosevelt urged American industries to produce more weapons and other military supplies. He established new government agencies to work with industry to increase arms production.

Some business leaders resistedRoosevelt’s efforts. They felt there was no need to produce more arms while the United States was still at peace. But many others cooperated. And by the time Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, the American economy was producing millions of guns and other weapons.     

Still, this was not enough to fight a war. After the Japanese attack, Roosevelt increased his demands on American industry. He called for sixty thousand warplanes, forty-five thousand tanks and twenty-thousand anti-aircraft guns. And he wanted all these within one year.

A month after the Pearl Harbor raid, Roosevelt organized a special committee to direct military production. He created another group to help companies find men and women for defense work. And he established a new office where the nation’s best scientists and engineers could work together to design new weapons.

These new government organizations faced several problems. Sometimes factories produced too much of one product and not enough of another. Sometimes tools broke. And some business owners refused to accept government orders.

But the weapons were produced, and American troops soon had the guns and supplies they needed.

(MUSIC)

The federal government had to quickly expand its own workforce to meet war needs. Federal spending increased from six billion dollars in nineteen forty to eighty-nine billion in nineteen forty-four. That was fifteen times as much spending in just five years.

Roosevelt had to take strong steps to get the money for all this spending. He put limits on wages. He increased income taxes to as much as ninety-four percent on portions of incomes over two hundred thousand dollars. And he asked the American people to lend money to the federal government. The people answered by purchasing almost one hundred billion dollars in war bonds.

The great increase in public spending raised the threat of high inflation. Roosevelt created a special office with the power to control prices. Many Americans agreed with the idea of price controls. But every business wanted somebody else’s prices controlled, not their own.

Federal officials had to work hard to keep prices and supplies under control. They restricted how much meat, fuel and other goods people could buy.

The price control program generally worked. Its success kept the American economy strong to support the troops fighting in Europe and Asia.

One reason these strong economic steps worked was because most of the American people fully supported the war effort.

(MUSIC)

You can look at photographs of people from those times and see in their faces how strongly they felt.

In one picture from the state of North Carolina, a group of men are standing in front of old rubber tires. They are planning to give the tires to the Army to be fixed and used for military vehicles.

Another photo shows a woman visiting a hospital. She is singing to a soldier to lift his spirits.

Still another photo shows a man who owns a small food store. He is placing signs on meat and cans of food to tell people how much they are allowed to buy.

You can also get an idea about the feelings of the times by the names of some of the popular songs during World War Two.

(MUSIC)

STEVE EMBER: In addition to “Rosie the Riveter,” there were songs like “Praise the Lord and Pass the Ammunition.»  One of the most hopeful songs was this one, recorded by Britain’s Vera Lynn.

(MUSIC: «When the Lights Go on Again All Over the World»)

Not all Americans supported the war. A small number refused to fight because of religious or moral beliefs. They were known as conscientiousobjectors. And some Americans supported Adolf Hitler and other fascists. But almost everyone else wanted to win the war quickly and return to a normal life.

(MUSIC)

Many Japanese-Americans served with honor in the United States armed forces. But many Americans were suspicious of anyone whose family had come from Japan. They refused to trust even Japanese-American families who had lived in the United States for more than a century.

Many banks refused to lend money to Japanese-Americans. Many stores would not sell to them.

The federal government relocated thousands of Japanese-Americans in Californiaand other states into internment camps. They were released only after the war ended. It was many years before the government officially apologized for mistreating Japanese-Americans.

(MUSIC)

But World War Two did lead to progress for another group that was often the target of discrimination: black Americans. Black leaders spoke out. They said it was unfair to fight a war for freedom in Europe while black Americans did not have all the same freedoms as white citizens.

A. PHILIP RANDOLPH: “Negros want the same things that white citizens possess – all their rights, and no force under the sun can stem and block and stop this civil rights revolution which is now underway.”

STEVE EMBER: In nineteen forty-one, a leader in the black community, A. Philip Randolph, threatened to lead a giant march on Washington for civil rights for blacks. President Roosevelt reacted by issuing an order that made it a crime to deny blacks a chance for jobs in defense industries. He also ordered the armed forces to change some of their rules that discriminatedagainst black service members.

Blacks made progress in the military and defense industries. But most other industries still refused to give them an equal chance. Major progress on civil rights would not come until the nineteen fifties and sixties.

(MUSIC)

Life was busy during the war years. There were many changes in the economy, business, music, race relations and other areas. But in many ways, life continued as it always does.

Americans did what they could during the hard years of World War Two to keep life on the home front as normal as possible. But almost everyone understood that the first job was to support the troops overseas and win the war.

This strength of purpose at home gave American soldiers the support they needed. And it also helped President Roosevelt as he negotiated with other world leaders. Diplomacy and foreign relations became much more complex during the war. That will be our story next week.

Our program was written by David Jarmul. You can find our series online with transcripts, MP3s, podcasts and pictures at voaspecialenglish.com. You can also follow us on Facebook and Twitter at VOA Learning English. I’m Steve Ember, inviting you to join us again next week for THE MAKING OF A NATION — American history in VOA Special English.

3. As you read, complete the crossword with words from the text.

4.  Choose the best answer

A)  Roosevelt …

(1) served with honor in the United States armed forces.

(2) refused to lend money to Japanese-Americans.

(3) had to take strong steps to get the money for all this spending.

B) Japanese forces …

(1) did not enter World War.

(2) attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

(3) remembered how American troops were not ready for that war.

C) The federal government …

(1) faced several problems.

(2) had to quickly expand its own workforce to meet war needs.

(3) wanted to win the war quickly and return to a normal life.

5. Now discuss the following

a) Which of the following role helped America to be ready for fight in the Second World War?

-Franklin Roosevelt

-Woodrow Wilson

-Business owners

-The federal government

-American people

b) When is it right or wrong to enter in a war? Give some examples.

c) What can you learn about your enemy from battleground?

6. Want to improve your listening? Please listen again and fill the gaps.

American History: World War II on the Home Front

STEVE EMBER: Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION – American history in VOA Special English. I’m Steve Ember

(MUSIC)

The United States entered the Second World War in December of forty-one. Europe had already been at war since nineteen thirty-nine. But the United States did not enter World War Two until Japanese forces attacked the American ——– base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

(SOUND)

The attack was a surprise. But American military and ————– leaders had believed that the United States, sooner or later, would be pulled into the fighting. And they began to prepare for war.

(MUSIC)

President Franklin Roosevelt had been assistant secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson during World War One. He remembered how American ——– were not ready for that war. Now that he was ————, Roosevelt wanted to be sure that the United States would be ready when it had to fight. Throughout nineteen forty-one, Roosevelt urged American industries to produce more weapons and other military supplies. He established new ———— agencies to work with industry to increase arms production.

Some business leaders resisted Roosevelt’s efforts. They felt there was no need to ———– more arms while the United States was still at peace. But many others cooperated. And by the time Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, the American economy was ————- millions of guns and other weapons.     

Still, this was not enough to fight a war. After the Japanese attack, Roosevelt increased his demands on American ———–. He called for sixty thousand warplanes, forty-five thousand tanks and twenty-thousand anti-aircraft guns. And he wanted all these within one year.

A month after the Pearl Harbor raid, Roosevelt organized a special —————- to direct military production. He created another group to help companies find men and women for defense work. And he ————— a new office where the nation’s best scientists and engineers could work together to design new ————.

These new government organizations faced several problems. Sometimes ————- produced too much of one product and not enough of another. Sometimes tools broke. And some business owners ————– to accept government orders.

But the weapons were produced, and American troops soon had the guns and ————— they needed.

(MUSIC)

The federal government had to quickly expand its own ————- to meet war needs. Federal spending increased from six billion dollars in nineteen forty to eighty-nine billion in nineteen forty-four. That was fifteen times as much ——————– in just five years.

Roosevelt had to take strong steps to get the money for all this spending. He put limits on wages. He ————— income taxes to as much as ninety-four percent on portions of incomes over two hundred thousand dollars. And he asked the American people to lend money to the federal government. The people answered by ——————– almost one hundred billion dollars in war bonds.

The great increase in public spending raised the threat of high inflation. Roosevelt created a special office with the ————– to control prices. Many Americans agreed with the idea of price controls. But every business wanted somebody else’s prices ——————–, not their own.

Federal officials had to work hard to keep prices and supplies under control. They ———————- how much meat, fuel and other goods people could buy.

The price control program generally worked. Its success kept the American ——————– strong to support the troops fighting in Europe and Asia.

One reason these strong —————– steps worked was because most of the American people fully supported the war effort.

(MUSIC)

You can look at ———————— of people from those times and see in their faces how strongly they felt.

In one picture from the state of North Carolina, a group of men are —————- in front of old rubber tires. They are planning to give the tires to the Army to be fixed and used for military vehicles.

Another photo shows a woman visiting a ———————. She is singing to a soldier to lift his spirits.

Still another photo shows a man who owns a small food store. He is placing —————- on meat and cans of food to tell people how much they are allowed to buy.

You can also get an idea about the feelings of the times by the names of some of the ————— songs during World War Two.

(MUSIC)

STEVE EMBER: In addition to “Rosie the Riveter,” there were songs like “Praise the Lord and Pass the Ammunition.»  One of the most —————— songs was this one, recorded by Britain’s Vera Lynn.

(MUSIC: «When the Lights Go on Again All Over the World»)

Not all Americans supported the war. A small number —————– to fight because of religious or moral beliefs. They were known as ————————- objectors. And some Americans supported Adolf Hitler and other fascists. But almost everyone else wanted to win the war quickly and return to a normal life.

(MUSIC)

Many Japanese-Americans served with honor in the United States armed forces. But many Americans were ——————- of anyone whose family had come from Japan. They refused to trust even Japanese-American families who had lived in the United States for more than a century.

Many banks refused to lend money to Japanese-Americans. Many stores would not sell to them.

The federal government relocated thousands of Japanese-Americans in California and other states into ——————– camps. They were released only after the war ended. It was many years before the government officially apologized for mistreating Japanese-Americans.

(MUSIC)

But World War Two did lead to progress for another group that was often the target of —————————: black Americans. Black leaders spoke out. They said it was unfair to fight a war for freedom in Europe while black Americans did not have all the same ——————— as white citizens.

A. PHILIP RANDOLPH: “Negros want the same things that white citizens possess – all their rights, and no force under the sun can stem and block and stop this civil rights ——————- which is now underway.”

STEVE EMBER: In nineteen forty-one, a leader in the black community, A. Philip Randolph, threatened to lead a giant march on Washington for ————————– for blacks. President Roosevelt reacted by issuing an order that made it a crime to deny blacks a chance for jobs in defense industries. He also ordered the armed forces to change some of their rules that discriminated against black service members.

Blacks made progress in the ——————— and defense industries. But most other industries still refused to give them an equal chance. Major progress on civil rights would not come until the nineteen fifties and sixties.

(MUSIC)

Life was busy during the war years. There were many changes in the economy, business, music, race relations and other areas. But in many ways, life —————— as it always does.

Americans did what they could during the hard years of World War Two to keep life on the home front as normal as possible. But almost everyone ———————- that the first job was to support the troops overseas and win the war.

This strength of purpose at home gave American soldiers the support they needed. And it also helped President Roosevelt as he ——————– with other world leaders. Diplomacy and foreign relations became much more complex during the war. That will be our story next week.

Our program was written by David Jarmul. You can find our series online with transcripts, MP3s, podcasts and pictures at voaspecialenglish.com. You can also follow us on Facebook and Twitter at VOA Learning English. I’m Steve Ember, inviting you to join us again next week for THE MAKING OF A NATION — American history in VOA Special English.

7. Glossary 2

Second World War جنگ جهانی دوم 

World War II, war between the Axis and the Allies which began in 1939 when Germany invaded Poland and ended with the surrender of Germany and Japan 1945

Europe اروپا

One of the seven continents

United States ایالات متحده 

USA, U.S., United States of America, country located in North America

Pearl Harbor بندر پیر

American naval base off the southern coast of Hawaii that was attacked by the Japanese on December 7th 1941 (major factor that motivated the United States to join World War II)

Hawaii هاوایی

State of the United States comprised of a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean; largest island in this state

Franklin Rooseveltفرانکلن روزولت

(1882-1945) 32nd president of the United States (1933-1945)

Woodrow Wilson ودرو ویلسون

(1856-1924) 28th president of the United States, winner of the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize

World War One جنگ جهانی اول

World War I, major war fought from 1914-1918 between the Central Powers and the Allies that took place primarily in the Middle East and Europe

Japan جاپان

Country situated on a chain of islands off the eastern coast of Asia; shiny black lacquer which originated in Japan; something varnished with japan lacquer

Asia آسیا 

Large continent located to the east of Europe

North Carolina کارولینا شمالی

State in the southeastern United States

Adolf Hitler آدلف هیتلر

(1889-1945) German dictator, leader of the Nazis who believed in the superiority of the Aryan race and brought on World War II in his quest to conquer Europe

California کالیفورنیا

State in the western United States

Internment camp اردوگاه پناهندگان

Camps for housing prisoners of war and political prisoners; camps set up by the U.S. during World War II to house people Japanese German and Italian descent (for fear that they were spies

Washington واشنگتن

Washington D.C., capital of the United States; state in the northwestern United States;

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This dictionary is base on:

• Learn English with Barack Obama
• U.S.A History in Brief
• U.S.A Economy in Brief
• U.S.A Literature in Brief

WordBook – English to English & English to Farsi – coming soon…

بزودی این کتاب الکترونیکی ( واژه نامه انگلیسی به انگلیسی و انگلیسی به فارسی) جهت دانلود در همین وب سایت قرار میگیرد.

How to Improve your English Language?

چگونه زبان انگلیسی خود را تقویه کنیم؟
بازدید کننده سایت (www.learnerenglish.org) سوالی کرده که جواب سوال را با همه در میان میگذاریم.

سوال: چگونه زبان انگلیسی خود را تقویه کنیم؟

جواب: اشخاص مختلف به طریقه ها مختلفی اقدام به تقویه زبان انگلیسی می کنند. شاید شما از جمله اشخاصی باشید که وقت زیاد برای آموزش زبان ندارید. در ذیل چندین نکته را جهت تقویه زبان یادآور می شویم. لطفا اگر شما هم روش خاصی را می دانید در بخش کامنت با ما در میان بگذارید.

1- اخبار و وقایعی که در روز شاهد آن هستید به انگلیسی بنویسید.
2- بعضی وب سایت ها نکاتی آموزش زبان دارند از مطالب آنها استفاده کنید.
3- به رادیو ها انگلیسی زبان گوش فرادهید و همزمان کارها روزمره تان رو هم انجام دهید.
4- به آهنگ های انگلیسی گوش کنید و تلفظ خود را قویه کنید.
5- شعر آهنگ ها را از داخل انترنت جستجو کنید و شعر را یاد بگیرد و بعد به اهنگ آن شعر گوش فرادهید.
6- اگه کتابی را مطالعه کردید یا فیلمی را تماشا نمودید و یا به هوتلی رفتید، نظر تان را در رابطه آن به انگلیسی بنویسید.
7- در انترنت فقط به زبان انگلیسی جستجو کنید.
8- اگر کتابی به زبان فارسی خواندید و یا فیلمی به زبان فارسی تماشا کردید نسخه اصلی آن که به زبان انگلیسی است نیز بخوانید و تماشا کنید.
9- کتاب های که از زبان فارسی به زبان انگلیسی ترجمه شده متن آسان تری دارند و بیشتر درک می کنید و به تقویه زبان شما کمک می کند.
10- کتاب های کمدی که به زبان انگلیسی نوشته شده را مطالعه کنید. هم تفریح است و به تقویه زبان کمک می کند.
11- مجله ها انگلیسی زبان را مطالعه کنید..
12- هر وقت کتاب و فیلم و مجله ها را به زبان انگلیسی مطالعه کردید کوشش کنید به یک کلاس مکالمه شرکت کنید و از فرصت نهایت استفاده را ببرید و بدون توقف انچه را مطالعه کردید به زبان بیاورید.
13- کوشش کنید که به اطرافیان تان انگلیسی تدریس کنید. راز یادگرفتن تدریس کردن است.
14- اگر به موسسه یا شرکتی کار می کنید از رئیس دفتر بخواهید که کلاس زبان برای شما مهیا کنند. اکثر شرکت ها و موسسات مایلند که کارمندانشان به زبان مهارت داشته باشند.
15-  اگه در کامپیوتر گیم بازی می کنید کوشش کنید که گیم ها زبان انگلیسی را بازی کنید.
16 – آنچه را که در طول روز انجام می دهید به انگلیسی فکر کنید و به انگلیسی برای خود تشریح کنید.
17- فیلیم های انگلیسی که زیرنویس دارند را آماده کنید و تماشا کنید.
18- فیلم زبان فارسی را که زیرنویس انگلیسی دارد تماشا کنید.
19- فیلم های انگلیسی زبانی که زیرنویس فارسی دارند تماشا کنید.
20- یک فیلم انگلیسی را بار ها بارها تماشا کنید هر دفعه مطالب زیادتری می آموزید
21 – به خود باور داشته باشید و نگوئید که مشکل است نمی توانم ادامه بدم
22- کارتن ها و برنامه ها کودک که به زبان انگلیسی است تماشا کنید. خیلی آسان و دلچسب هستند.
23- کتابها کودکان که زبان انگلیسی است مطالعه کنید.
24- همیشه یک لیست از لغات را با خود داشته باشید و هر موقع بیکار بودید مطالعه نمائید.
25- کوشش کنید از وسایلی که روزانه استفاده میکنید اسمهای آنها را به زبان انگلیسی یاد بگیرید.
26- همیشه به یک کتاب نچسپید که خسته کن می شود یک چیزی نوع همیشه آماده بسازید.
27- اگر از انترنت استفاده می کنید به چت روم ها شرکت کنید و به انگلیسی چت کنید.
28 – یک شعر یا سخنرانی مشهور انگلیسی را حفظ کنید که به جمله بندی شما خیلی کمک می کند.
29 –موقعیکه فیلم تماشا می کنید یا اخبار می خوانید یک دیکشنری با خود داشته باشید.
30 – به انگلیسی حرف بزنید و صدا خود را با گوشی مبایل تان ثبت کنید. گوش دادن به صدای خود خیلی لذت بخش است.
31- کوشش کنید که لغات به شکل دسته بندی شده یاد بگیرید. مثلا لغات مربوط به اسامی حیوانات.
32- یک دوستی که به زبان انگلیسی مسلط است پیدا کنید و با او به انگلیسی حرف بزنید.
33 – همیشه کوشش کنید که صدای یک نفر انگلیسی زبان را دنبال کنید و از لهجه او تقلید کنید. به این طریق زود پیشرفت می کنید.
34 – به دوستانی که انگلیسی را یاد دارند اس ام اس یا ایملی به انگلیسی بفرستید.
35 – فعلا به بازار دیکشنری ها برقی گویا هست یکی را برای خود بخرید.
36 – مینوی گوشی مبایل خود را به زبان انگلیسی استفاده کنید.
37 – مهم تر از همه هدف خود را صد در صد تعین کنید و بگوئید که من واقعا تصمیم دارم که زبان انگلیسی را بیاموزم.

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آموزش انگلیسی – اقتصاد – مقدمه

Learner English

Download eBook Bilingual book +  Audio+ Vocabulary and Quiz

Foreword

This book –USA Economy in Brief– is the third  book of ELP (English Learning Programs) series that help English learner to learn English. The two other books already has been printed are «Learn English with Barack Obama + Video CD» and «U.S.A. History in Brief + Audio CD». These books and more materials are available in this URL (www.elpexperts.com).

About this book:

«This mini-publication discusses the factors that make the U.S. economy the world’s most productive, competitive, and influential. It focuses on workers and productivity, small and large business, the service economy, goods and services, the role of government, and the concept of «creative destruction» the process where jobs, companies, entire industries come and go because of their success or failure in the marketplace.»

This book has 13 chapters and each chapter includes a question and English to English and English to Dari vocabulary list. I hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.

پیشگفتار

چکیدهایازاقتصادایالاتمتحده– سومین کتاب از سلسله کتابهای ELP » پروگرام های آموزش زبان انگلیسی» می باشد که به علاقمندان کمک می کند تا زبان انگلیسی خود را تقویت کنند. دو کتاب دیگر که قبلا به چاپ رسیده عبارت اند از : » آموزش زبانانگلیسی با باراک اوباما + سی دی تصویری» و » تاریخ مختصرامریکا– ویژه آموزش زبان + سی دی صوتی«. این کتابها و مطالب آموزشی بیشتر به وب سایت

  http://www.elpexperts.com قابل دسترسمی باشد.

 در باره این کتاب:

“این نشریه کوچک در رابطه به عواملی  بحثمی کند که اقتصاد ایالات متحده را تولید کننده ترین، رقابت کننده ترین و با نفوذ ترین اقتصاد جهان تبدیل کرده است. بحث های این کتاب بر این موارد متمرکز است: کارگران و قابلیت تولید، تجارت های کوچک و بزرگ، اقتصاد خدماتی، کالا ها و خدمات، نقش دولت، و مفهوم » تخریب خلاقیت» روندی که در آن مشاغل، شرکتها، صنایع به طور کامل به علت موفقیت یا شکست در بازار  داخلو یا خارج می شوند.”

اینکتاب مشتمل بر 13 بخشاست که هر بخش دارای یک سوال و لیست لغات به قسم انگلیسی به انگلیسی و انگلیسی به دری است. امیدوارم که این کتاب برای سایر علاقمندان و استادان نیز مفید واقع گردد.

آموزش انگلیسی با اوباما – ضمیه کتاب

Appendix

ضمیمه

Abraham:

 first patriarch in Bible: in the Bible, the first patriarch, seen by Jews as the father of the Israelites through his son Isaac, and by Muslims, who call him Ibrahim, as the father of Arab peoples through his son Ishmael 

Afghanistan:

Landlocked country in Southwest Asia, between Iran and Pakistan.

Language: Pashto, Dari (Persian)

Currency: Afghani

Capital: Kabul

Population: 32,738,376 (2008 estimate)

Area: 652,225 sq km/251,825 sq mi  Official name Islamic State of Afghanistan

Africa:

The second largest continent, lying south of Europe, with the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the Indian Ocean to the east.

Population: 955,006,740 (2008 estimate)

Area: 30,243,910 sq km/11,677,239 sq mi

Al Qaeda:

Islamic fundamentalist organization:an international Islamic fundamentalist organization associated with several terrorist incidents, including the attack on the World Trade Center, New York (2001). Al-Qaeda was established by Osama bin Laden in 1989 and was based in Afghanistan until driven out by U.S. and coalition forces in 2001.

Al-Azhar:

 chief centre of Islamic and Arabic learning in the world, centre on the mosque of that name in the medieval quarter of Cairo, Egypt.

Andalusia:

Autonomous region of southern Spain bordered by the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It contains the historic cities of Seville, Granada, and Cadiz and many examples of Moorish architecture.

Population: 8,059,461 (2007)

Area: 87,599 sq km/33,822 sq mi    Spanish name Andalucía

Ankara:

Capital of Turkey, in the north central part of the country, on the Ankara River, northwest of Adana and southeast of Bursa.

Population: 3,428,000 (2003 estimate) Former name Angora

Anti-Semitism:

behavior discriminating against Jews: policies, views, or actions that harm or discriminate against Jews.

Arab-Israeli wars:

Major conflicts between Israeli and various Arab forces, most notably in 1948-49, 1956, 1967, 1973, and 1982.

Bangladesh:

Country in south central Asia, formerly part of India and then, from 1947 to 1971, Pakistan. It became a separate nation following a civil war in 1971 and became an independent member of the British Commonwealth in 1972.

Language: Bangla

Currency: taka

Capital: Dhaka

Population: 153,546,900 (2008 estimate)

Area: 147,570 sq km/56,977 sq mi Official name People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Barack Hussein Obama:

44th president of America.

Bosnia:

Balkan region: the northern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Buchenwald:

village near Weimar, central Germany, that was the site of a World War II Nazi concentration camp (1937-1945)

Cairo:

Capital of Egypt and Africa’s largest city. It is situated on the Nile River, at the southern end of the Nile delta.

Population: 7,500,000 (2003 estimate)

Cold War:

hostile but nonviolent Communist-Western relations: the hostile yet nonviolent relations between the former Soviet Union and the United States, and their respective allies, from around 1946 to 1989

Colonialism:

practice of ruling nations as colonies: a policy in which a country rules other nations and develops trade for its own benefit

Constitution:

statement of fundamental laws: a written statement outlining the basic laws or principles by which a country or organization is governed

Córdoba:

The second largest city in Argentina.

Darfur:

Historical region and former province, western Sudan.

E pluribus unum:

Translated from the Latin, E Pluribus Unum means “Out of many, one.” These days, you could also say it means “We’re all in this thing together.” It was the official motto of the US government for over 150 years and it is still the foundation of the American idea. That idea says that we are a United States of America because we are free to enhance our unique individual characteristics while trying to build a more perfect union.

Earth:

3rd planet from Sun: the third planet in order from the Sun with an orbital period of 365.26 days, a diameter of 12,756 km/7,926 mi, and an average distance from the Sun of 149,600,000 km/93,000,000 mi.

Surrounded by an atmosphere composed primarily of nitrogen and oxygen, it is the only planet in the universe known to support life.

Egypt:

Country in northeastern Africa bordering the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. It became a republic in 1952.

Language: Arabic

Currency: Egyptian pound

Capital: Cairo

Population: 81,713,517 (2008 estimate)

Area: 997,739 sq km/385,229 sq mi Official name Arab Republic of Egypt

Enlightenment:

18C rationalistic movement: an 18th-century intellectual movement in Western Europe that emphasized reason and science in philosophy and in the study of human culture and the natural world

Europe:

The second smallest continent after Australia, lying west of Asia, north of Africa, and east of the Atlantic Ocean.

Population: 729,578,980 (2008 estimate)

Area: 10,355,000 sq km/3,997,900 sq mi

Gaza:

Territory, southeastern Mediterranean Sea coast

Globalization:

Growth to a global or worldwide scale

Guantanamo Bay:

Sheltered inlet of the Caribbean Sea, southeastern Cuba. It is the site of a major U.S. naval base and a prison camp for suspected terrorists captured by the United States.

Area: 36 sq km/14 sq mi

Hamas:

Islamic Palestinian organization: a fundamentalist Islamic Palestinian organization supporting and engaging in resistance to Israel in the Israeli-occupied territories

Holocaust:

genocide of European Jews and others: the systematic extermination of millions of European Jews, as well as Roma, Slavs, intellectuals, gay people, and political dissidents, by the Nazis and their allies during World War II.  In popular usage, Holocaust refers particularly to the extermination of European Jews.

Holy Bible

Christian holy book: the sacred book of the Christian religion

Holy Koran: or Quran

Islamic holy book: the sacred text of Islam, believed by Muslims to record the revelations of God to Prophet Muhammad

Internet:

global computer network: a network that links computer networks all over the world by satellite and telephone, connecting users with service networks such as e-mail and the World Wide Web

Iran:

Country in Southwest Asia, located south of the Caspian Sea, northeast of the Persian Gulf, and north of the Gulf of Oman.

Language: Farsi

Currency: Iranian rial

Capital: Tehran

Population: 65,875,223 (2008 estimate)

Area: 1,648,000 sq km/636,300 sq mi Official name Islamic Republic of Iran

Former name Persia

Iraq:

country in Southwest Asia, bordered by Turkey, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the Persian Gulf, Jordan, and Syria.

Language: Arabic

Currency: Iraqi dinar

Capital: Baghdad

Population: 28,221,181 (2008 estimate)

Area: 438,317 sq km/169,235 sq mi Official name Republic of Iraq

Islam:

Muslim religion: a monotheistic religion based on the word of God as revealed to Prophet Muhammad during the 7th century

Isra’:

In Islam, the Prophet Muhammad’s night journey from Mecca to Jerusalem.

Japan:

Country in East Asia, comprising four large islands, Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, and more than 1,000 lesser adjacent islands.

Language: Japanese

Currency: yen

Capital: Tokyo

Population: 127,288,420 (2008 estimate)

Area: 377,837 sq km/145,884 sq mi

Jerusalem:

Historic city lying at the intersection of Israel and the West Bank. The whole of the city is claimed by Israel as its capital, but this is disputed internationally.

Population: 701,512 (2004 estimate)

John Adams:

U.S. politician, first vice president (1789–97) and second president (1797–1801) of the U.S.

Kansas:

State in the western part of the central United States, bordered by Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Oklahoma.

Capital: Topeka

Population: 2,775,997 (2007 estimate)

Area: 213,096 sq km/82,277 sq mi

South Korea :

Country in East Asia that occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula.

Language: Korean

Currency: won

Capital: Seoul

Population: 49,232,844 (2008 estimate)

Area: 99,268 sq km/38,328 sq mi Official name Republic of Korea

Kuala Lumpur:

Capital of Malaysia, located on the southern Malay Peninsula.

Population: 1,352,000 (2003 estimate)

Lebanon:

Country in Southwest Asia, on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

Language: Arabic

Currency: Lebanese pound

Capital: Beirut

Population: 3,971,941 (2008 estimate)

Area: 10,452 sq km/4,036 sq mi Official name Lebanese Republic

Morocco:

Country in northwestern Africa.

Language: Arabic

Currency: dirham

Capital: Rabat

Population: 34,272,968 (2008 estimate)

Area: 453,730 sq km/175,186 sq mi Official name Kingdom of Morocco

Nobel Prize:

international award for achievement: an international award made annually for outstanding achievement in chemistry, literature, physics, physiology or medicine, economics, or promoting world peace

Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT):

Officially Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons.

International agreement intended to prevent the spread of nuclear technology.

It was signed by the U.S., Britain, the Soviet Union, and 59 other countries in 1968.

Nuclear weapon:

explosive nuclear device: a military weapon that derives its explosive power from nuclear fission or fusion

Organization of the Islamic Conference

An Islamic organization established in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in May 1971.

Pakistan:

Country on the Arabian Sea in the northwestern part of South Asia. It rejoined the British Commonwealth in 1989 after withdrawing in 1972.

Language: Urdu

Currency: Pakistani rupee

Capital: Islamabad

Population: 167,762,040 (2008 estimate)

Area: 796,095 sq km/307,374 sq mi Official name Islamic Republic of Pakistan

Renaissance: (French; “rebirth”)

end of MiddleAges: the period in European history from about the 14th through 16th centuries regarded as marking the end of the Middle Ages and featuring major cultural and artistic change

Saddam Hussein:

President of Iraq (1979–2003).

September 11: (September 11 attack)

day of terrorist attacks: September 11, 2001, the day on which terrorists attacked the Pentagon and the twin New York City World Trade Center towers using passenger-carrying commercial jet aircraft, which the terrorists crashed into the buildings, killing thousands

Shia(Shi’ite)

Member of the smaller of the two major branches of Islam, distinguished from the majority Sunnites.

Sunni 😦 Sunnite)

Larger of the two major divisions of Islam, comprising 90% of the world’s Muslims.

Taliban:

Islamic movement controlling Afghanistan: a strict Islamic group that ruled Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001

Talmud:

book of Jewish law: the collection of ancient Jewish writings that forms the basis of Jewish religious law, consisting of the early scriptural interpretations Mishnah and the later commentaries on them Gemara

Third Reich:

Nazi regime: the Nazi regime in Germany between 1933 and 1945

Thomas Jefferson:

Third president of the U.S. (1801–09).

Turkey:

country in southeastern Europe and Southwest Asia, bordered by Greece, the Black Sea, Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Syria, the Mediterranean Sea, the Aegean Sea, and Bulgaria.

Language: Turkish

Currency: Turkish lira

Capital: Ankara

Population: 71,892,807 (2008 estimate)

Area: 779,452 sq km/300,948 sq mi Official name Republic of Turkey

United States:

Country in central North America, consisting of 50 states.

Language: English

Currency: dollar

Capital: Washington, D.C.

Population: 303,824,650 (2008 estimate)

Area: 9,826,630 sq km/3,794,083 sq mi Official name United States of America

West Bank:

Territory in Southwest Asia on the western bank of the Jordan River, bordered by Israel and Jordan. Once part of Palestine, it was annexed by Jordan in 1950 and occupied by Israel in 1967. As a result of peace agreements between 1993 and 1997 some of it was transferred to Palestinian National Authority administration, with further negotiations under way.

Population: 2,611,904 (2008 estimate)

Area: 6,080 sq km/2,350 sq mi

Zakat:( alms)

Islamic tax for charity: a tax that goes to charity, obligatory for all Muslims, set traditionally at 2.5 percent of somebody’s annual income and capital

آموزش انگلیسی با اوباما – تمرین

Exercise

تمرین

In this section we’ve selected a few words and created questions with them.The answers are contained in Obama’s speech.

1-             Cairo speech?  A new beginning, with mutual interest and mutual trust.

2-            Truth? «Be conscious of God and speak always the truth.» He quoted from Holy Quran.

3-            September 2001? violent extremists

4-            Muslims? Muslims have enriched America./ Muslims do not fit a crude stereotype./ Among some

                Muslims, there is a disturbing tendency to measure one’s own faith by the rejection of somebody else’s.

5-            America? America is not the crude stereotype of a self-interested empire.\ America is not and never will be at war with Islam. / America’s commitment will not weaken./ America will not turn our backs on the legitimate Palestinian aspiration for dignity, opportunity, and a state of their own./ America does not presume to know what is best for everyone.

6-            American Muslims? Nearly seven million American Muslims in our country today who, by the way, enjoy incomes and education that are higher than average.

7-            Islam? Islam is a part of America. / Islam has a proud tradition of tolerance.

8-            Iraq? We will support a secure and united Iraq as a partner, and never as a patron. / A war of choice.

9-            Foreign policy? Diplomacy and international consensus.

10-          Palestinian? Palestinians have suffered in pursuit of a homeland. For more than 60 years they have endured the pain of dislocation.

11-            Israelis and Palestinians? The only resolution is for the aspirations of both sides to be met through two states, where Israelis and Palestinians each live in peace and security.

12-           United States? The United States does not accept the legitimacy of continued Israeli settlements.

13-           Iran? I have made it clear to Iran’s leaders and people that my country is prepared to move forward./ The  question, now, is not what Iran is against, but rather what future it wants to build./ For many years, Iran has  defined itself in part by its opposition to my country, and there is in fact a tumultuous history between us.

14-          Democracy? No system of government can or should be imposed upon one nation by any other. / Elections alone do not make true democracy. / That does not lessen my commitment, however, to governments that  reflect the will    of the people./ Government of the people and by the people.

15-           Freedom of religion? Freedom of religion is central to the ability of peoples to live together.

16-          Faith? Faith should bring us together.

17-           Religious tolerance? It is important for Western countries to avoid impeding Muslim citizens from practicing religion as they see fit.

18-           Women’s rights? Our daughters can contribute just as much to society as our sons.

19-          West? I reject the view of some in the West that a woman who chooses to cover her hair is somehow less equal.

20-          Education and innovation? All of us must recognize that education and innovation will be the currency of the 21st Century.

21-           Obama policies?    a world where extremists no longer threaten our people, and American troops have come home; a world where Israelis and Palestinians are each secure in a state of their own, and nuclear energy is used for peaceful purposes; a world where governments serve their citizens.             

Why did the audience applaud?

The following sentences brought applause for Barack Obama. Please read these sentences carefully. Describe the issue he is talking about and why the audience applauded for him. Do you agree or disagree?

1.       Assalaamu alaykum.

2.       As the Holy Koran tells us: “Be conscious of God and speak always the truth.”

3.       It was Islam – at places like Al-Azhar – that carried the light of learning through so               many centuries, paving the way for Europe’s Renaissance and Enlightenment.

4.       And throughout history, Islam has demonstrated through words and deeds the possi           bilities of religious tolerance and racial equality.

5.       I consider it part of my responsibility as president of the United States to fight against           negative stereotypes of Islam wherever they appear.

6.       But that same principle must apply to Muslim perceptions of America.

7.       Much has been made of the fact that an African-American with the name Barack

           Hussein Obama could be elected president.

8.       The dream of opportunity for all people has not come true for everyone in America, but its promise exists for all who come to our shores – and that includes nearly seven       million American Muslims in our country today who, by the way, enjoy incomes and   education that are higher than average.

9.       that is why the United States government has gone to court to protect the right of                women and girls to wear the hijab, and to punish those who would deny it.

10.     When innocents in Bosnia and Darfur are slaughtered, that is a stain on our collective           conscience.

11.     Our problems must be dealt with through partnership; progress must be shared.

12.     In Ankara, I made clear that America is not – and never will be – at war with Islam.

13.     The Holy Koran teaches that whoever kills an innocent, it is as if he has killed all man          kind. And whoever saves a person, it is as if he has saved all mankind.

14.     I also believe that events in Iraq have reminded America of the need to use diplomacy           and build international consensus to resolve our problems whenever possible.

15.     Today, America has a dual responsibility: to help Iraq forge a better future – and to              leave Iraq to Iraqis.

16.     That is why we will honor our agreement with Iraq’s democratically-elected   government to remove combat troops from Iraqi cities by July, and to remove all our troops         from Iraq by 2012.

17.     I have unequivocally prohibited the use of torture by the United States, and I have               ordered the prison at Guantanamo Bay closed by early next year.

18.     America will not turn our backs on the legitimate Palestinian aspiration for dignity,

opportunity, and a state of their own.

                The only resolution is for the aspirations of both sides to be met through two states,           where Israelis and Palestinians each live in peace and security.

20.     The United States does not accept the legitimacy of continued Israeli settlements.

21.     This construction violates previous agreements and undermines efforts to achieve peace. It is time for these settlements to stop.

22.     America will align our policies with those who pursue peace, and we will say in public           what we say in private to Israelis and Palestinians and Arabs.

23.     All of us have a responsibility to work for the day when the mothers of Israelis and Palestinians can see their children grow up without fear; when the Holy Land of three           great faiths is the place of peace that God intended it to be; when Jerusalem is a                   secure and lasting home for Jews and Christians and Muslims, and a place for all of   the children of Abraham to mingle peacefully together.

24.     As in the story of Isra, when Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed (peace be upon them) joined in prayer.

25.     No single nation should pick and choose which nation holds nuclear weapons.

26.     The fourth issue that I will address is democracy.

27.     Those are not just American ideas, they are human rights, and that is why we will support them everywhere.

28.     This last point is important because there are some who advocate for democracy only           when they are out          of power; once in power, they are ruthless in suppressing the rights of others.

29.     The richness of religious diversity must be upheld – whether it is for Maronites in Lebanon or the Copts in Egypt.

30.     I reject the view of some in the West that a woman who chooses to cover her hair is somehow less equal, but I do believe that a woman who is denied an education is denied                equality.

31.     I am convinced that our daughters can contribute just as much to society as our sons.

32.     that is why the United States will partner with any Muslim-majority country to support expanded literacy for girls, and to help young women pursue employment through  micro-financing that helps people live their dreams.

33.     But all of us must recognize that education and innovation will be the currency of the 21st   Century.

34.     On education, we will expand exchange programmes, and increase scholarships, like the one that brought my father to America.

35.     There is also one rule that lies at the heart of every religion – thatwe do unto others as we would have them do unto us.

36.     The Holy Bible tells us: “Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of           God.”

37.     Thank you. And may God’s peace be upon you.

Vocabulary activity

1- Create a vocabulary list using the following categories. Add key phrases and words that relate to each subject:

Islam:

Afghanistan:

Weapon:

Economy:

Women Rights:

Democracy:

Religion:

Human Rights:

2. Write down the negative adjectives that Obama used in his speech.

3. Write down the positive adjectives that Obama used in his speech.

4. Write down any key phrases that interest you.